Gold also struggled despite softer US PCE data, as high yields and firm oil prices kept inflation concerns and further Fed tightening in play.

Brent held near $98 as recovering Middle East shipments eased supply pressure, though the unresolved US-Iran standoff keeps the outlook fragile. In Asia, softer Japanese manufacturing helped USD/JPY push above 158, while stronger Chinese PMIs and additional policy support helped the yuan hold near 6.70.

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